The discussions eventually concluded with key stakeholders, including Bio's administration and the UN, agreeing that while efforts in finding a peaceful solution to ending the war should continue, a general election should be held as soon as possible. The APC currently has 68 of the 132 elected parliamentary seats and the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) has 49 of the elected 132 parliamentary seats. The Eastern Province is divided into three districts: Located in the northern region of Sierra Leone is the countrys Northern Province. Turay, went into hiding and fled the country to Guinea, fearing for his life. 267,266. Koidu Town is ethnically diverse, and the primary language is the Krio language. Kabbah's presidency marked the dawn of a new Sierra Leone, which included the end of the civil war in 2002, a focus on fostering national unity and reconciliation, trust in government, peace and stability, the improvement in relations with many countries, and the refounding of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces with special assistance and training led by the Government of the United Kingdom. When the ships left them in September, their numbers had been reduced to "276 persons, namely 212 black men, 30 black women, 5 white men and 29 white women". Nyagua (c. 18421906), also known as the "Tracking King", was a fierce king who captured many districts and many people came to join him for protection. Please select the style of the location map in the table below. Odelay mask by Temne people. Law enforcement in Sierra Leone is primarily the responsibility of the Sierra Leone Police (SLP), which is accountable to the Minister of Internal Affairs (appointed by the president). In 2014, an Ebola virus epidemic in Sierra Leone began that widely affected the country,[96] including forcing Sierra Leone to declare a state of emergency. Diamond mining has been an important part of Sierra Leones history since diamonds were discovered here in the 1930s. Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with a directly elected president and a unicameral legislature. The figure for Freetown is for the Western Urban Area (Greater Freetown). The districts are further divided into a total of 190 (prior to 2017, 149) chiefdoms,[1] whose elected leaders provided most of local government from 1896 to 2004, when they were supplemented by elected local councils. [21] Bio handed power over to Ahmad Tejan Kabbah of the SLPP, after the conclusion of elections in early 1996 which Kabbah won. It also has one of the lowest population densities in the country with just over 400,000 people recorded in the 2015 census. It is the second-most important city in terms of transportation, economy, and education after Freetown. Mining of diamonds in the east and other minerals expanded, drawing labourers there from other parts of the country. Norman was a guard to Governor-general Sir Henry Lightfoot-Boston. Rising above the plateau are a number of mountain masses; in the northeast, the Loma Mountains are crowned by Mount Loma Mansa (Mount Bintimani) at 6,391 feet (1,948 metres), and the Tingi Mountains rise to 6,080 feet (1,853 metres) at Sankanbiriwa Peak. [103] As a result of migration to cities, the population is becoming more urban with an estimated rate of urbanisation growth of 2.9% a year. Bo was then the capital of the British Protectorate of Sierra Leone until the country gained independence in 1961. In 2008, CDC began supporting Sierra Leone's HIV response through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). They are locally known as Sierra Leonean-Lebanese. Lieutenant Sandy was given a state funeral and his funeral prayers service at the cathedral church in Freetown was attended by many high-ranking soldiers of the NPRC junta, including Strasser himself and NPRC deputy leader Sergeant Solomon Musa. [161], In 2019 Sierra Leone had a population of 7,813,215[164] and a growth rate of 2.216% a year. The Christian holidays of Christmas, Boxing Day, Good Friday and Easter are also national holidays in Sierra Leone. The Krio have traditionally dominated Sierra Leone's judiciary and Freetown's elected city council. GTV subsequently went out of business, leaving DStv as the only provider of subscription satellite television in the country. A strong free journalistic tradition developed with the creation of several newspapers. [22][23], About 18 ethnic groups inhabit Sierra Leone; the two largest and most influential ones are the Temne and Mende peoples. [82], Stevens had Bangura arrested in 1970 and charged with conspiracy and treason. In eastern Sierra Leone the plateau is interspersed with high mountains, where Mount Bintumani reaches 1,948m (6,391ft), the highest point in the country. Native to Sierra Leone, they have occupied Sherbro Island since it was founded. In September 2014 there were many Districts with travel restrictions including Kailahun, Kenema, Bombali, Tonkolili, and Port Loko because of Ebola. In 1808, Sierra Leone became a British crown colony, ruled under a colonial governor. 4043. In 1995 Defence Headquarters was established, and the Sierra Leone Air Wing formed. Makeni is the administrative and economic center of the region. The current Inspector General of Police is Brima Acha Kamara, who was appointed to the position by former president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah. Bo is closely behind Kenema with 10.0%, whilst Western Rural, Kono and Western Area Urban with 8.8%, 8.2%, and 8.1% are third, fourth and fifth respectively. The Crown subdued the revolt by bringing in forces of more than 500Jamaican Maroons, whom they transported from Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town) via Nova Scotia in 1800. [25], Archaeological finds show that Sierra Leone has been inhabited continuously for at least 2,500 years;[27] populated successively by societies who migrated from other parts of Africa. In 2001, the government created a mining community development fund (DACDF), which returns a portion of diamond export taxes to diamond mining communities. Helicopters are also available from the airport to other major cities in the country. In 2015, CDC established an office in Sierra Leone to focus on global health security and . They seized control of the government, arresting Lansana, and suspending the constitution. Kenema is the most populated district in Sierra Leone, according to the preliminary report of the final result of the Mid-Term Census report released by Statistics Sierra Leone (Stats SL) last week. The Sierra Leone Police is headed by the Inspector General of Police, the professional head of the Sierra Leone Police force, who is appointed by the president of Sierra Leone. Annual production of Sierra Leone's diamond estimates range between US$250 million$300million. He created several government institutions that are still in use today. The presidential election, in which neither candidate reached the required threshold of 55%, went to a second round of voting, in which Julius Maada Bio was elected with 51% of the vote. In the late 18th century, many African Americans claimed the protection of the British Crown. They reinstated the constitution and returned power to Stevens, who at last assumed the office of Prime Minister. The populations quoted above for the five largest cities are from the 2004 census. The Mende are also Muslim majority at about 70%, though with a large Christian minority at about 30%. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. Different European nations started using Sierra Leone as a trading point for slaves brought to the coast by African traders from interior areas undergoing wars and conflicts over territory. [161] There were plans to increase its capacity 400 megawatts by 2017 which would cost around $750 million. Unpublished master's dissertation (London: Open University, 2013), pp. FM relays of the BBC World Service (in Freetown, Bo, Kenema and Makeni), Radio France Internationale (Freetown only) and Voice of America (Freetown only) are also broadcast. Four of the Sierra Leone regions are provinces, and the capital city is located on a peninsula called the Western Area. town in the district of the same name and was the colonial rulers . (2003) Book review: "The Athens of West Africa: A History of International Education at Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone by Daniel J. Paracka Jr. New York: Routledge". Sierra Leone's capital Freetown is located in the Western Area of the country and its makes up the Western Area Urban District . [103] The country's population is mostly young, with an estimated 41.7% under 15, and rural, with an estimated 62% of people living outside the cities. The Loko in the north are native people of Sierra Leone, believed to have lived in Sierra Leone since the time of European encounter. [157] A 2012 study was done on the correlation between Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), and burning biomass fuels in the home. After Pedro da Cintras discovery, foreign influence in the area increased and trade commenced between the locals and Europeans in the form of a barter system. [39][43][44][45], In 1787 the British Crown founded a settlement in Sierra Leone in what was called the "Province of Freedom". If you are interested in the answer to the question "How many men and women are there in Bo District, Sierra Leone?" Freetown The hostage crisis resulted in more fighting between the RUF and the government as UN troops launched Operation Khukri to end the siege. The current system of the Government of Sierra Leone is based on the 1991 Sierra Leone Constitution. The capital of this province is Kenema, which is the economic center of the region and one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the country. Because Madam Yoko supported the British, some sub-chiefs rebelled, causing Yoko to take refuge in the police barracks. The park is home to elephants, hippos, buffaloes, and many chimpanzees its also listed as a protected area by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). Sandbars, generally separated by silting lagoons, sometimes form the actual coast. Many senior officers in the Sierra Leone Army were greatly disappointed with Stevens' policies and his handling of the Sierra Leone Military, but none could confront Stevens. It is estimated that there will be a 30% to 40% cost reduction on solar products with the lack of duties and taxes. [79] Due to the lack of access to basic education, women are the least prepared when it comes to processing business licences, registering names or contracting. Bai Sherbro was captured and with Bai Bureh, exiled to the Gold Coast (modern Ghana). Siaka Stevens retired from politics in November 1985 after being in power for eighteen years. ", War and state collapse: The case of Sierra Leone, "NPRC's Komba Kambo Speaks After Eleven Years Of Silence! Prior to conducting the election, Sierra Leoneans and international stakeholders were involved in a major debate on whether the nation should focus on trying to end the long running civil war, or to conduct elections and hence returning governance back to a civilian-led administration with a multi-party system of parliament that would provide the foundation for long-lasting peace and national prosperity. [221] The founding members of the Coalition included the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society (the first chairing organisation), LFR International (proposed the formation), the University of Makeni, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, and the Holy Spirit Hospital. Government officials soon became involved in the scheme as well, although their interest was spurred by the possibility of resettling a large group of poor citizens elsewhere. [111], The Environmental Justice Foundation has documented how the number of illegal fishing vessels in Sierra Leone's waters has multiplied in recent years. Following the 1995 National Consultative Conference at the Bintumani Hotel in Freetown, dubbed "Bintumani I", which was a Strasser-led initiative, another National Consultative Conference at the same Bintumani Hotel in Freetown, dubbed "Bintumani II", was initiated by the Bio administration that involved both national and international stakeholders, in an effort to find a viable solution to the issues plaguing the country. Sierra Leone had its own parliament and its own prime minister, and had the ability to make 100% of its own laws, however, as with countries such as Canada and Australia, Sierra Leone remained a "Dominion" and Queen Elizabeth was Queen of the independent Dominion of Sierra Leone. It is the most populous District in the North and the second most populous District in Sierra Leone, after the Western Area Urban District. The current members of the Parliament of Sierra Leone were elected in the 2012 Sierra Leone parliamentary election. Margai appointed many non-Creoles to the country's civil service in Freetown, in an overall diversification of the civil service in the capital, which had been dominated by members of the Creole ethnic group. Freetown, a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean, is the biggest and capital city of Sierra Leone. The United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNIOSIL) ran one of the most popular stations in the country, broadcasting programs in a range of languages. It is listed among countries of concern for emissions, as having Low Forest Cover with High Rates of Deforestation (LFHD). There are three free terrestrial television stations in Sierra Leone, one run by the government SLBC and the other two are private stations in Freetown, Star TV which is run by the owner of the Standard-Times newspaper and AYV Africa Young Voices. In mid-1974, Guinean soldiers, as requested by Stevens, were stationed in the country to help maintain his hold on power, as Stevens was a close ally of then-Guinean president Ahmed Skou Tour. It is by far the most populous district in the country with a population of 1,050,301 and is located in the Western Area of the country. This ended its 16years of running the Colony. The Temne and Mende people especially refused to pay, attacking and looting trading stations, and killing policemen, missionaries, and all those suspected of assisting the colonial government. The Western Area Urban District exclusively comprises the entire city of Freetown, the national capital, and its divided into the . [243], Rice is the staple food of Sierra Leone and is consumed at virtually every meal daily. Humphrey J. Fisher (1969), "Elections and Coups in Sierra Leone, 1967". This sort of representation was not available in Nova Scotia. [99] On 16 March 2016, the World Health Organization declared Sierra Leone to be free from Ebola.[100]. It was founded in 1792 by abolitionist John Clarkson and was settled by freed slaves from various parts of the world whose descendants are known as the Sierra Leone Creole people. All of Sierra Leone's Heads of State have been Christians except Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, who was a Muslim. The current speaker of the Sierra Leone parliament is Abass Bundu, who was elected by members of parliament on 21 January 2014. The report indicated that the country's just . Major port cities are Bonthe, Freetown, Sherbro Island and Pepel. The climate is tropical, with two seasons determining the agricultural cycle: the rainy season from May to November, and a dry season from December to May, which includes harmattan, when cool, dry winds blow in off the Sahara Desert and the night-time temperature can be as low as 16C (60.8F). The third-largest ethnic group are the Limba at about 8.4% of the population. The city was established by Lieutenant John Clarkson, African American ex-slaves and free people known as the Nova Scotian Settlers on March 11th, 1792, making Freetown the oldest capital created by African Americans. The Creoles, a descendant from the Nova Scotia, Maroons and Recaptives. Freetown was known as the "Athens of Africa" due to the large number of excellent schools in Freetown and surrounding areas. [187] The United Council of Imams, is an influential Islamic religious body in Sierra Leone, that is made up of all imams of mosques throughout Sierra Leone. Islam and Christianity are the two main religions in the country. The president is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two five-year terms. He was a close ally of Albert Margai, who had appointed him to the position in 1964. He was neither corrupt nor did he make a lavish display of his power or status. The first is the Guma plant which was decommissioned in 1982, the second is the Dodo Plant which is located in the Eastern Province, and finally the Bumbuna plant. Sierra Leone is a secular nation with the constitution providing for the separation of state and religion and freedom of conscience (which includes freedom of thoughts and religion). However, Stevens' hand-picked successor Joseph Saidu Momoh promised to return the country to a multi-party system; a new constitution was adopted in 1991 that provided the means for a multi-party democracy. Until 1906, Madam Yoko ruled as a paramount chief in the new British Protectorate. The two districts of the Western Area are: As of 2017, there are 16 Sierra Leone districts. We operate Wellbody Clinic; support Koidu Government Hospital (KGH), Kono's only hospital; and are supporting smaller public primary . Bombali became one of the most heavily affected districts in Sierra Leone, with 873 confirmed patients with Ebola during July-November 2014. Sierra Leone has a population of more than 7 million people and has some major cities that subdivide the country. Female. The fund was created to raise local communities' stake in the legal diamond trade. They are descendants of traders from Guinea who migrated to Sierra Leone during the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries. Females, experiencing higher levels of rapes, presented greater signs of depression and anxiety. The vast majority of Kissi are Christians. In 1992, just a year after the war broke out, President Momoh was ousted in a coup led by Sierra Leone Army captain Valentine Strasser. President Momoh named James Bambay Kamara as the head of the Sierra Leone Police. "[132], Within the context of local governance, the districts are governed as localities. The arts in Sierra Leone are a mixture of tradition and hybrid African and western styles.[259][260][261]. His father was a Yalunka paramount chief of Solima, a prosperous chieftaincy. Reference Location: Bonthe District, Sierra Leone. [21], In early 1996, despite the country going through a brutal civil war, the emergence of the prospect of a transformation back to a multi-party democracy brought fresh hopes and great expectations among a majority of Sierra Leoneans, as the national debate "Peace before Elections vs Elections before Peace" became a hot topic. President Momoh appointed his former military colleague and key ally, Major General Mohamed Tarawalie to succeed him as the head of the Sierra Leone Military. [64] With this change, the British began to expand their administration in the region, recruiting British citizens to posts and pushing Krios out of positions in government and even the desirable residential areas in Freetown.[64]. Sierra Leone is a country in the western region of Africa bordering Liberia, Guinea, and the Atlantic Ocean. Stations mainly consist of local commercial stations with a limited broadcast range, combined with a few stations with national coverage Capital Radio Sierra Leone being the largest of the commercial stations. [71] In May 1957, Sierra Leone held its first parliamentary election. [168], After the contribution made by the Bangladesh UN Peacekeeping Force in the Sierra Leone Civil War under the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone, the government of Ahmad Tejan Kabbah declared Bengali an honorary official language in December 2002. As head of the armed forces, General Momoh had been loyal to Stevens, who had appointed him to the position. It is a sweet, lightly fermented palm wine,[245] and is found in bars in towns and villages across the country. The Sierra Leone Broadcasting Service (SLBS) was created by the colonial government in 1934 making it the earliest English language radio broadcaster service in West Africa. 2020-02-06 Bumbuna is a town in the central of Tonkolili District in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. One traditional leader from each district occupies a seat in Sierra Leone's parliament. Sierra Leone is home to about sixteen ethnic groups, each with its own language. In the north, from 1820 to 1906, there was a Limba chief named Almamy Suluku who ruled his territory for many years, fighting to protect his territory, while at the same time using diplomacy to trick the protectorate administrators while sending fighters to assist Bai Bureh, a prominent Temne chief in Kasseh who was fighting against the imposition of the "hut tax" by the colonial administrators. The widely spoken dialect and the main language of communication in the city is the Krio. It is the fifth-largest city in Sierra Leone, and the Tenme people make up the largest ethnic group in the city. After 11 years, the country conducted another census in 1974, in that headcount, the population grew to two million, seven hundred and thirty-five thousand one hundred and fifty-nine (2,735,159) and after another 11 years in 1985, the census report recorded a population of three million five hundred and fifteen thousand, eight hundred and twelve (3,515,812). Despite Makeni being ethnically diverse just as the other major cities in the country, the Temne people account for the largest ethnic group in the city and the main language is the Krio language. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. Islam was introduced by Susu traders, merchants and migrants from the north and east, becoming widely adopted in the 18th century. The executive branch of the Government of Sierra Leone, headed by the president of Sierra Leone has extensive powers and influences. Dozens of soldiers were arrested and convicted by a court martial in Freetown for their participation in the mutiny against the president. After an alleged attempt to overthrow President Momoh in March 1987, more than 60 senior government officials were arrested, including Vice-President Francis Minah, who was removed from office, convicted of plotting the coup, and executed by hanging in 1989, along with five others. [21] Ahmad Tejan Kabbah won the 1996 presidential election and became the first multi-party democratically elected president of Sierra Leone. There were thousands of these Black Loyalists, people of African descent who joined the British military forces during the American Revolutionary War. A brief coup in 1997 led by Sierra Leone Army major Johnny Paul Koroma ousted Kabbah, who went into exile in Guinea. On 29 April 1992, a group of young soldiers in the Sierra Leone Army, led by seven army officersLieutenant Sahr Sandy, Captain Valentine Strasser, Lieutenant Solomon "SAJ" Musa, Captain Komba Mondeh, Lieutenant Tom Nyuma, Captain Julius Maada Bio and Captain Komba Kambo[89]staged a military coup that sent president Momoh into exile in Guinea, and the young soldiers established the National Provisional Ruling Council (NPRC), with 25-year-old Captain Valentine Strasser as its chairman and Head of State of the country. For several months, Bureh's fighters had the advantage over the vastly more powerful British forces but both sides suffered hundreds of fatalities. They designated chiefs as units of local government, rather than dealing with them individually as had been the previous practice. The country is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest.[102]. Antagonism between the two entities escalated to a heated debate in 1947, when proposals were introduced to provide for a single political system for both the Colony and the Protectorate. The 68% of the rural population without access to an improved water source relied on surface water (50%), unprotected wells (9%) and unprotected springs (9%). [148] Agriculture accounted for 58 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2007. Makeni is also the fourth largest city in the country. Over the next decade, much of the formal economy was destroyed in the country's civil war. The Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary, which is located within the peninsula's vast rainforest reserve, just a few kilometres from the centre of Freetown, has a collection of rare and endangered chimpanzees. The most widely spoken language among different ethnic groups in the city is Krio. As of the 2015 census, Port Loko District has a population of 614,063. agreement & 5 others, Sierra Leone admits to low supply of fuel, Sierra Leone: Audit reveals corrupt practice in defence, agriculture, education, police, Sacked Sierra Leone VP takes case to ECOWAS Court, Sierra Leone detains top football officials, Sierra Leone electoral commission to start boundary delimitation, Sierra Leone Parliament challenges Disaster Bill, Sierra Leone Court Martial, defence rejects president, SANUSI COVID-19 indices update (09/12/20). List of districts of Sierra Leone by Human Development Index, "Sierra Leone unveils new geographical map", "National Electoral Commission - Press Release", "2015 Population and Housing Census Final Results", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Sierra_Leone&oldid=1114634415, This page was last edited on 7 October 2022, at 13:52. In addition to information about the provinces of Sierra Leone, well also look at how many districts are in Sierra Leone and data relating to each. Krio (derived from English and several indigenous African languages, and the language of the Sierra Leone Krio people) is the most widely spoken language in virtually all parts of Sierra Leone. Two other commercial TV operators (ABC and AIT) closed after they were not profitable. Sherbro also sent fighters to assist Bai Bureh in the fight against the British. It made its international debut at the 2004 African Affiliates Championship, where it finished last of eight teams. Poyo bars are areas of lively informal debate about politics, football, basketball, entertainment and other issues. The Inter-Religious Council of Sierra Leone estimated that 77% of Sierra Leone's population are Muslims, 21% are Christians, and 2% are followers of traditional African religion. Economic Community of West African States, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, some areas around the capital of Sierra Leone, First Responder Coalition of Sierra Leone, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, female genital mutilation in Sierra Leone, "Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census National Analytical Report", "GINI index (World Bank estimate) Sierra Leone", "National Electoral Commission Press Release", "Sierra Leone unveils new geographical map", 2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Sierra Leone, "Inter-religious cooperation can be vital asset for rebuilding Sierra Leone UN expert", "The Establishment of the Sierra Leone Protectorate and the Insurrection of 1898", "Transition without Rupture: Sierra Leone's Transfer Election of 1996", "The British Experience in Africa and Oman", "Pedro da intra did not name Sierra Leone: An Exploration into available evidence", Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain, Reconstructing the Life Histories of Liberated Africans: Sierra Leone in the Early Nineteenth Century, https://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1991_num_31_121_2116, https://www.academia.edu/40720522/A_Precis_of_Sources_relating_to_genealogical_research_on_the_Sierra_Leone_Krio_people, "Reconstructing the Life Histories of Enslaved Africans: Sierra Leone, c. 180819", The International Journal of African Historical Studies, "House of Commons International Development Memoranda", "Sierra Leone Web Sierra Leonean Heroes Achievement of Independence", "Sierra Leone was ripe for Independence: Exclusive interview with Reginald Boltman", "Sierra Leone: Viewpoint Celebrating a New Nation! 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